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LANGUAGES OF IRAN
Ethnologue: Languages of the World
Languages of Iran
Partition

Harzani

[hrz] 28,100 (2000). West Azerbaijan Province: Qalingie, between Marand and Jolfa, northwest of Tabriz; related varieties in Galin Qaya, Babra, and Dizmar. Dialects: Similar to Karingani [kgn], Talysh [tly].  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh 
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Hawrami

[hac] 22,900 in Iran (2000). For all speakers of Gurani group, several million; Hawrami dialect: 20,000 (Blau 1989). West Kordestan Province, near Iraqi border, Hewraman, east of Sanandaj, also north of Kermanshah. Alternate names: Awromani, Gorani, Gurani, Hawramani, Hewrami, Howrami.  Dialects: Kakai (Macho), Hawraman-I Luhon, Hawraman-I Taxt, Kandula, Gawhara, Gurani (Gorani).  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani 
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Hazaragi

[haz] 283,000 in Iran (1993). Population increased significantly due to influx of Hazaragi-speaking refugees from Afghanistan. Widespread, especially urban centers. Alternate names: Hazara, Hezare’i, Hezareh.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian 
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Jadgali

[jdg]   Alternate names: Jat, Jatgali, Jatki.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi 
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Kabatei

[xkp]  Rudbar District, Gilan Province. Dialects: Kalas, Kabate. Similar to Upper Taromi [tov].  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh 
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Kajali

[xkj]  East Azerbaijan Province, Kaqazkonan District, Kajal. Dialects: Similar to Shahrudi [shm], Koresh-e Rostam [okh].  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh 
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Karingani

[kgn] 17,600 (2000). East Azerbaijan Province, Dizmar District, Keringan village; Hasanu District, northeast of Tabriz. Alternate names: Keringani.  Dialects: Various dialects. Very similar to Harzani [hrz].  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh 
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Kashkay

[qxq] 1,500,000 (1997). Southwest Iran, Fars and South Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad Province. Shiraz, Gachsaran, and Firuzabad are centers. Alternate names: Kashkai, Qashqai, Qashqa’I, Qashqay.  Dialects: Similar to Azerbaijani [azb].  Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani 
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Kazakh

[kaz] 3,000 in Iran (1982). Mazanderan Province, Gorgan City. Alternate names: Gazaqi, Kazak, Kazakhi.  Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian 
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Khalaj

[kjf] 42,100 in Iran (2000 WCD).  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern 
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Khalaj, Turkic

[klj] 42,100 (2000 WCD). Central Province, northeast of Arak. Alternate names: Khalaj.  Dialects: Not a dialect of Azerbaijani [azb], as previously supposed. An independent language distinct from other extant Turkish languages (Doerfer et al 1971).  Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani 
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Kho’ini

[xkc]  Zanjan Province, Kho’in District. Dialects: Various dialects. Related to Kabatei [xkp], Takestani [tks]. Closely related varieties spoken in nearby villages of Balbavin, Sefidkamar, Halab, Sa’dabad.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh 
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Khorasani Turkish

[kmz] 400,000 (1977 G. Doerfer). Northeast Iran, north Khorasan Province, northwest of Mashhad. West dialect in Bojnurd region; north in Quchan region (probably largest), south around Soltanabad near Sabzevar. Alternate names: Quchani.  Dialects: West Quchani (Northwest Quchani), North Quchani (Northeast Quchani), South Quchani. Midway linguistically between Azerbaijani and Turkmen [tuk], but not a dialect of either. The Oghuz-Uzbek dialect of Uzbek, Northern [uzn] in Uzbekistan is reportedly a dialect.  Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish 
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Khunsari

[kfm] 21,100 (2000). Esfahan Province, Kashan and Esfahan areas. Dialects: May be one of a large complex of dialects in Esfahan Province. Other Northwestern dialects that have been described in the same area and which may be very closely related include Vonishun, Qohrud, Keshe, Zefre, Sedeh, Gaz, Kafran, Mahallat, So, Mejme, and Djaushaqan.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran 
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Koresh-e Rostam

[okh]  East Azerbaijan Province, Koresh-e Rostam District. Dialects: Related to Shahrudi [shm], Kajali [xkj].  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh 
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Koroshi

[ktl] 180 (Mohamedi). 40 to 50 families. Fars Province. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi 
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Kurdish, Central

[ckb] 3,250,000 in Iran. Northwest Iran, primarily Kordestan, west Azerbaijani provinces, areas north of Kermanshah. Mukri in Mahabad area, Sineyi (Sine’i) in Sanandaj (Sine) area. Alternate names: Kordi, Korkora, Kurdi, Kurdy, Mokri, Mukri, Sine’i, Sorani, Wawa.  Dialects: Mukri (Mokri, Kordi), Sanandaji (Sine’i, Sina’i, Sineyi), Southern Jafi, Pijdari.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish 
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Kurdish, Northern

[kmr] 350,000 in Iran (Stanzer 1988). North and west of Lake Urmia. Some in Kalardast region, Mazandaran Province. Northern Kurdish variety of Khorasani Kurmanji is east of the Caspian Sea, in north Khorassan Province, Quchan and Bojnurd towns. Alternate names: Eastern Kurmanji, Kordi, Kurdi, Kurmancî, Kurmanji.  Dialects: Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji), Khorassani Kurmanji.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish 
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Kurdish, Southern

[sdh] 3,000,000 in Iran (Fattah 2000). Western Iran, Kermanshah, Ilam provinces; Eastern Iraq border with those provinces including Xanaqin. Also in Iraq. Dialects: Kolyai, Kermanshahi (Kermanshani), Kalhori, Garrusi (Bijari) Sanjabi, Malekshahi (Maleksh ay), Bayray, Kordali, Feyli, Luri.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish 
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Laki

[lki] 1,000,000 (Fattah 2000). 150,000 monolinguals. 10,000 Nahavand Lurs. Western Iran, Ilam, Lorestan provinces, cities of Aleshtar, Kuhdesht, Nurabad-e Dolfan, Khorramabad. Alternate names: Alaki, Leki.  Dialects: Lexical similarity: 70% with Western Farsi [pes], 78% with Luristani (Khorramabadi), 69% with Northern Luri [lrc] (central rural dialects).  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish 
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Lari

[lrl] 80,000, increasing. Ethnic population: 100,000. South Fars Province, Lar District; Shiraz; United Arab Emirates. Alternate names: Larestani.  Dialects: Lari. Verbal system is quite distinct from Western Farsi [pes].  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Fars 
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Lasgerdi

[lsa] 1,000 (2006 census). Semnan Province, southwest of Semnan, In Lasjerd. Alternate names: Lasjerdi, Läsgerdi, Läsjerdi.  Dialects: Related to Sorkhei [sqo].  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Semnani 
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Luri, Northern

[lrc] 1,500,000 (2001). Ethnic population: 1,700,000 (2001). Western Iran: central and south Lorestan, north Khuzestan, south Hamadan Province, south edge of Markazi Province, some regions of Ilam; Khorramabad, Borujerd, Andimeshk; possibly eastern Iraq. Alternate names: Lori, Luristani.  Dialects: Khorramabadi, Borujerdi, Nahavandi, Andimeshki, Bala-Gariva’i, Mahali (Rural), Cagani. Major Northern Luri dialects (Khorramabadi, Borujerdi) are found in Lorestan and Khuzestan. Some areas in Ilam Province (Posht-e Kuh) reportedly speak Northern Luri dialects. South Kurdish dialects mainly in Ilam Province (Fattah 2000). A few villages in Iraq, using a dialect of Northern Luri (Fattah 2000). Similar to Kumzari [zum]. Lexical similarity: of Mahali dialect 80% with Western Farsi [pes], 69% with Laki [lki], and 73% with Bakhtiari [bqi] (Haflang); Khorramabadi dialect 85% with Western Farsi [pes], 78% with Laki [lkh], and 75% with Bakhtiari [bqi] (Haflang). Similarity to Western Farsi [pes] is due to lexical borrowing and language shift.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri 
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Luri, Southern

[luz] 875,000 (1999), increasing. 300,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 900,000. Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad Province (Yasuj is center of Boyerahmadi, Dehdasht is center of Kohgiluyeh), east Khuzestan Province (Kohgiluyeh), northwest Fars Province (Nurabad is center of Mamasani, Shul is center of Shuli), Shiraz. Alternate names: Lor, Lori, Lori-ye Jonubi, Lur.  Dialects: Boyerahmadi, Yasuji (Yasichi), Kohgiluyeh, Mamasani, Shuli. Southern Luri is on a continuum between Bakhtiari [bqi] and Western Farsi [pes] dialects such as Bushehri and Fars Province varieties. A non-Lur tribe in Fars Province called Kurdshuli reportedly speaks a Southern Luri dialect. Their winter quarters are at Qasr-e Dasht near Sivand, 70 km from Sharaz on Shiraz-Esfahan road. Similar to Kumzari [zum]. Lexical similarity: 75% with Western Farsi, 80% with Bushehri dialect of Western Farsi; Mamasani dialect 75% with Bakhtiari, Boyerahmadi dialect 86% with Bakhtiari.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri 
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